The purpose of the research paper is to examine the key characteristics of reform movements in Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam during the latter half of the 19th century; to analyse how these countr...
<p><strong>Tác giả:</strong> Nguyen Thang, Van Bui</p>
<p>The purpose of the research paper is to examine the key characteristics of reform movements in Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam during the latter half of the 19th century; to analyse how these countries responded to the wave of Western colonial expansion through modernization and integration efforts; and to identify the major trends of national liberation movements across Southeast Asia. The scientific novelty. The study provides a comprehensive and objective analysis of reform initiatives in t...</p>
<p>📄 DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2026.2(54).866" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2026.2(54).866</a></p>
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